USS Kalinin Bay CVE-68
The USS Kalinin Bay (CVE-68) was a Casablanca-class escort carrier built during World War II. She was laid down on April 26, 1943, by the Kaiser Shipbuilding Company in Vancouver, Washington. This was part of a massive wartime shipbuilding effort. The ship launched on October 15, 1943, and was commissioned on November 27, 1943. The quick construction of the USS Kalinin Bay showed the impressive shipbuilding capabilities of the United States during the war, taking just over seven months from start to finish.
Named after Kalinin Bay in Alaska, the ship followed the tradition of naming escort carriers after bays or sounds in the U.S. This practice helped distinguish them from larger fleet carriers, which were named after battles or historical figures. The name choice honored U.S. geographical features, fostering national pride and a connection to the homeland.
The USS Kalinin Bay was small but versatile. As a Casablanca-class escort carrier, she was 512 feet long with a beam of 65 feet. She had a single aircraft catapult and could carry up to 28 aircraft, including fighters and torpedo bombers. Her armament included one 5-inch gun, eight 40mm anti-aircraft guns, and twelve 20mm anti-aircraft cannons, providing strong defense against air and surface threats. Her compact design made her effective for missions like anti-submarine warfare, convoy escort, and close air support for amphibious operations.
The USS Kalinin Bay's legacy is significant, especially for her role in the Battle off Samar, part of the larger Battle of Leyte Gulf in October 1944. During this battle, Kalinin Bay and other escort carriers of "Taffy 3" faced a much stronger Japanese force. Despite being outgunned and outnumbered, they inflicted significant damage on the Japanese fleet, contributing to the American victory. This battle highlighted the effectiveness and bravery of the escort carriers and their crews, securing their place in naval history.
The USS Kalinin Bay was part of the Casablanca-class, the most numerous class of aircraft carriers ever built, with 50 ships completed. These escort carriers were designed for mass production, providing the US Navy with a flexible and cost-effective solution for more air power at sea. Their primary roles were air support for convoys and amphibious operations, and anti-submarine warfare. Their small size and lower cost compared to fleet carriers made them ideal for these roles, allowing the Navy to deploy them widely across multiple theaters.
Commissioned on November 27, 1943, the USS Kalinin Bay quickly became a key part of the US Navy's efforts in the Pacific Theater. Under Captain T.B. Williamson, the ship and her crew underwent rigorous training before heading to the front lines. The commissioning marked the start of a distinguished service record, with the ship participating in several key battles and operations throughout the war. Her contributions, especially during the Battle off Samar, underscored the vital role of escort carriers in achieving Allied victory in the Pacific.
USS Kalinin Bay CVE-68: Structure, Technology, Armament, and Weaponry
The USS Kalinin Bay (CVE-68) was a Casablanca-class escort carrier, known for its compact size and versatility. At 512 feet and 3 inches long with a beam of 65 feet and 2 inches, it was smaller and more agile than fleet carriers. This made it perfect for roles like anti-submarine warfare and providing air support for amphibious operations. The flight deck could handle up to 28 aircraft, usually a mix of Grumman FM-2 Wildcats and General Motors TBM Avengers. Its welded steel hull struck a balance between durability and weight, crucial for speed and maneuverability.
Technologically, the Kalinin Bay was ahead of its time. It had SC air search radar and SG surface search radar, vital for spotting enemy aircraft and ships. This early warning system boosted its defensive capabilities. The ship also had a solid communication setup, including radio and signal lamps, to coordinate with other vessels and aircraft. The flight deck featured hydraulic catapults and arresting gear, making aircraft launch and recovery efficient. These advancements helped the Kalinin Bay perform effectively, even in the tough conditions of the Pacific Theater during World War II.
When it came to armament, the Kalinin Bay was well-equipped to defend against air and surface threats. It had a single 5-inch/38 caliber dual-purpose gun at the stern, effective against both aircraft and surface targets. The ship also boasted eight 40mm Bofors anti-aircraft guns in twin mounts and twelve 20mm Oerlikon cannons. These anti-aircraft weapons were crucial during the intense aerial battles of the Pacific War, providing a strong defense against enemy aircraft.
The ship's weaponry was further enhanced by its aircraft, which were its main offensive and defensive tools. The Grumman FM-2 Wildcats were tough, reliable fighters, perfect for engaging enemy aircraft and providing air cover for the fleet. The General Motors TBM Avengers were versatile torpedo bombers, used for anti-submarine warfare, ground attack, and even level bombing. Armed with machine guns, bombs, and torpedoes, these aircraft were highly effective in various combat scenarios. Together, the ship's armament and aircraft made the Kalinin Bay a versatile and formidable asset in the U.S. Navy's arsenal during World War II.
Crew Accounts of Time Aboard
The USS Kalinin Bay (CVE-68) holds a special place in the hearts of many who served aboard her during World War II. The memories shared by the crew and their families paint a vivid picture of camaraderie, bravery, and the indelible impact of wartime experiences.
Richard Davis served as a Gunner's Mate in 1944. His son recalls his father's service with pride, seeking connections with any surviving shipmates who might remember him. Madalyn Fliesler discovered her father, William Devoy NeSmith from Georgia, served on the Kalinin Bay in 1943, though she knows little about his time there.
Elmer T. Glenn, known as Tommy, often spoke of his time with Taffy 3, a testament to the lasting impression the ship and its crew left on him. He passed away in 2004 at the age of 78. George Gryson, a 2nd Lieutenant, rarely spoke of his wartime experiences but did share that he received shrapnel wounds during an attack on the ship.
Engelbert Hornyak, a Seaman First Class, is remembered by his son-in-law for his gallantry during the Battle off Samar. He passed away in December 2008. Earl Jensen, a Marine Sergeant in 1945, is remembered by his son Michael as a tough and proud Marine who cherished his time aboard the ship.
Bobby Jones, a Shipfitter 3rd Class, served during the Battle of Leyte Gulf and spoke highly of his shipmates. He passed away in 2008. Lemke Kenneth, a Machinist's Mate 3rd Class, served from the beginning to the end of the ship's commission, and his nephew holds a copy of his service log.
Russell Kierath, who served aboard the Kalinin Bay in 1941, is still alive at 84 years old, and his daughter Janice is eager to connect with anyone who remembers him. Elmer Klawitter, a Water Tender Second Class, is remembered by his grandson, who cherishes his service records and presidential unit citation badge.
Meyer Kurtz, an Aviation Machinist's Mate 3rd Class, passed away in 1985, and his granddaughter seeks photos of his squadron to share with her children. Pressley Ladner, a Seaman 1st Class, is remembered by his grandson, who has pictures of the crew with his grandfather.
Henry Larson, a Shipfitter 1st Class, had a distinguished service record, including a Bronze Star and Purple Heart. He served on multiple ships before joining the Kalinin Bay. Ron MacFarlane, a Machinist's Mate 3rd Class, passed away in 1993, and his son seeks more information about the ship and its crew.
Robert L. Mallon, a Radioman Second Class, used his training to build a career in the telephone industry. He passed away in 1990. Victor Owens, a Seaman 1st Class, passed away in December 2008, and his son shares the news with profound sadness.
Camille Rizzo, a Seaman First Class, passed away in January 2009, and his granddaughter is looking for memories of his service. Stanley Rosenstein, a Radioman Second Class, taught his son Morse Code, a skill he learned during his service.
Frank Schipritt served in 1945, and his grandson Mike seeks more information about his service. Sandy Scott, the niece of Bugler 1st Class Jack Paul Rickels, has her uncle's bugle and is interested in connecting with anyone who knew him.
Alfred Soto, a Seaman 1st Class, served during the Battle of Samar and was buried at Riverside National Cemetery after his passing in 2012. William Steele, a Radarman First Class, considered the Kalinin Bay his wartime home and passed away in 1998.
Morris L. Turner, a Storekeeper 1st Class, made many friends and lost many during his service, particularly during the Battle of Leyte Gulf. Thomas Vaninwagen, a Lieutenant Junior Grade and TBF Avenger Pilot, joined the ship in early 1944 and passed away in 2004.
Julian D. Venter, a Lieutenant Commander, served during the pivotal moments of the ship's history and passed away in 1996. His son regrets not recording more of his memories. Joseph Zahra, a Shipfitter, is 91 years old and shares his wartime stories with his neighbor and friend, Ed Morris.
These memories collectively highlight the bravery, sacrifice, and enduring bonds formed aboard the USS Kalinin Bay. Each story contributes to the rich tapestry of the ship's history, ensuring that the legacy of those who served continues to be remembered and honored.
USS Kalinin Bay CVE-68: Upgrades, Mission Capabilities, and Contribution to the Fleet
The USS Kalinin Bay (CVE-68) was a remarkable ship that saw several upgrades during its service, boosting its capabilities and extending its usefulness in the fleet. Commissioned in November 1943, this escort carrier started with a modest set of aircraft and defensive weapons. But as World War II heated up, the ship got some serious enhancements. It received better radar systems to spot enemy aircraft and submarines, and its anti-aircraft weapons were upgraded to strengthen its defenses. Advanced communication gear was also added, helping it coordinate more effectively with other naval units and operate smoothly within larger task forces.
The Kalinin Bay's mission capabilities were diverse and evolved with the Navy's changing needs. Initially, it was designed to provide air support for amphibious operations and protect convoys. But as the war went on, its role expanded. It became a key player in anti-submarine warfare, using its aircraft to patrol vast ocean areas and engage enemy subs. The ship also provided crucial close air support during major battles, like the Battle of Leyte Gulf, where its aircraft were vital in pushing back Japanese forces. This versatility highlighted its value as a multi-role platform, ready to adapt to various combat scenarios.
The USS Kalinin Bay's contributions were especially notable during the Battle off Samar, part of the larger Battle of Leyte Gulf in October 1944. In this intense engagement, the Kalinin Bay and other escort carriers of Task Unit 77.4.3, famously known as "Taffy 3," faced a much stronger Japanese force. Despite being outgunned and outnumbered, the Kalinin Bay's aircraft launched relentless attacks on the enemy fleet, while the ship itself took heavy fire. The bravery and determination of its crew, along with the effective use of its aircraft, were crucial in stopping the Japanese advance, earning the ship a Presidential Unit Citation for its extraordinary heroism.
Even after the war, the legacy of the USS Kalinin Bay continued to shape naval strategy and carrier design. The experiences and lessons from its operations helped develop more advanced escort carriers and influenced the evolution of modern aircraft carriers. The ship's ability to perform a wide range of missions showed the strategic value of versatile, multi-role platforms in the fleet. As a result, the Kalinin Bay not only served as a formidable asset during its active years but also left a lasting impact on naval tactics and carrier operations, securing its place in U.S. naval history.
USS Kalinin Bay CVE-68: Deployments, Role in Major Conflicts, Awards, and Commendations
USS Kalinin Bay (CVE-68) was a remarkable escort carrier during World War II, known for its adaptability and toughness. Commissioned in November 1943, it quickly joined the action in the Pacific. During the Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign, Kalinin Bay was part of Task Group 52.3, providing crucial air support for amphibious landings. Its aircraft launched sorties that neutralized enemy positions and protected Allied forces. This early action set the tone for its significant contributions in the Pacific Theater.
One of the most famous battles involving USS Kalinin Bay was the Battle off Samar, a part of the larger Battle of Leyte Gulf in October 1944. As a member of "Taffy 3," a small task unit of escort carriers, destroyers, and destroyer escorts, Kalinin Bay faced overwhelming odds against a powerful Japanese fleet. Despite being outgunned and outnumbered, the ship's aircraft launched relentless attacks, and the crew bravely defended against incoming fire. The ship sustained severe damage but survived, playing a key role in the American victory. This battle highlighted the vital role of escort carriers in providing air cover and support during naval engagements.
Throughout its service, USS Kalinin Bay earned numerous awards, reflecting its outstanding performance and the bravery of its crew. The ship received five battle stars for its World War II service, recognizing its participation in major campaigns and battles. Additionally, "Taffy 3" was awarded the Presidential Unit Citation for extraordinary heroism during the Battle off Samar. These honors highlight the ship's achievements and pay tribute to the dedication and sacrifice of those who served aboard.
After the war, USS Kalinin Bay continued to serve by transporting troops and equipment as part of Operation Magic Carpet, the effort to bring American servicemen home from the Pacific. The ship was decommissioned in May 1946 and sold for scrap in 1947. Despite its short service life, the legacy of USS Kalinin Bay endures, remembered for its crucial role in some of the most intense battles of World War II. The ship's story is a testament to the courage and resilience of the men who served on escort carriers, often facing daunting challenges with unwavering resolve.
USS Kalinin Bay CVE-68 Ship Specifications
| Specification | Details |
|---|---|
| Class | Casablanca Class Escort Aircraft Carrier |
| Commissioned | November 27, 1943 |
| Displacement | 10,902 tons |
| Length | 512 feet |
| Beam | 108.1 feet |
| Draft | 22.6 feet |
| Speed | 20 knots |
| Complement | 860 |