USS Makin Island CVE-93
The USS Makin Island (CVE-93) was a Casablanca-class escort carrier built during World War II. It was laid down on January 12, 1944, by the Kaiser Shipbuilding Company in Vancouver, Washington. Known for their speed and efficiency, Kaiser was a powerhouse in shipbuilding. The ship launched on April 5, 1944, and joined the U.S. Navy on May 9, 1944. This was a time when the Navy needed to expand quickly, and the Makin Island was part of that urgent effort.
The ship got its name from the Makin Island raid, an early and daring amphibious assault by the U.S. Marine Corps in the Pacific during World War II. This raid in August 1942 aimed to distract the Japanese from the Solomon Islands and gather intelligence. Naming the ship after this raid honored the bravery and strategic importance of the operation, giving the vessel a deep historical significance.
The USS Makin Island was compact and versatile, typical of the Casablanca-class escort carriers. It was 512 feet long and 65 feet wide, designed to be smaller and more agile than larger fleet carriers. This allowed it to take on various roles, like anti-submarine warfare, convoy escort, and close air support for amphibious operations. It had a single aircraft catapult, two elevators, and could carry up to 27 aircraft, usually a mix of fighters and torpedo bombers.
The ship's legacy in the U.S. Navy is marked by its key contributions in the Pacific Theater. As an escort carrier, it provided crucial air cover for convoys and amphibious landings, enhancing the Navy's flexibility and reach. The Makin Island's service during World War II showed how valuable escort carriers were in supporting larger fleet carriers and protecting vital supply lines and troop movements.
The Casablanca-class, to which the USS Makin Island belonged, included 50 escort carriers built quickly to meet wartime demands. These ships were designed for mass production, focusing on functionality and speed of construction. Their main job was to provide air support for convoys and amphibious operations, filling a critical gap in the Navy's carrier force and enabling more extensive operations across the Pacific.
Commissioned on May 9, 1944, the USS Makin Island quickly became a key player in the Pacific. Under Captain William B. Whaley, it embarked on its first mission, joining Task Group 52.1 to support the invasion of the Mariana Islands. Throughout its service, the Makin Island proved the effectiveness of escort carriers in modern naval warfare, contributing to many successful operations and earning its place in naval history.
USS Makin Island CVE-93: Structure, Technology, Armament, and Weaponry
The USS Makin Island (CVE-93) was a Casablanca-class escort carrier, a class celebrated for its versatility and robust design during World War II. It measured 512 feet and 3 inches in length, with a beam of 65 feet and a draft of 22 feet 6 inches. The flight deck, the heart of its operations, spanned 477 feet, providing ample space for aircraft takeoffs and landings. The hull was made of welded steel, offering both strength and flexibility, crucial for enduring the challenges of naval warfare. Its superstructure was designed for operational efficiency, featuring a compact island that housed the bridge, navigation, and communication systems.
Technologically, the USS Makin Island was equipped with cutting-edge systems for its time. It was powered by two Skinner Unaflow reciprocating steam engines, driving two shafts and producing a total of 9,000 horsepower. This setup allowed the carrier to reach speeds of up to 19 knots, a respectable pace for an escort carrier. The ship also had radar systems, including the SK air-search radar and the SG surface-search radar, vital for detecting enemy aircraft and ships. These technological advancements gave the USS Makin Island a significant edge in both offensive and defensive operations.
In terms of armament, the USS Makin Island was well-equipped to defend itself and support its aircraft. It featured a variety of anti-aircraft guns, including one 5-inch/38 caliber dual-purpose gun mounted on the stern. Additionally, it had eight 40mm Bofors anti-aircraft guns in twin mounts and twelve 20mm Oerlikon cannons. These weapons were strategically placed around the ship to provide comprehensive coverage against enemy aircraft and small surface threats. This combination of armaments ensured that the USS Makin Island could effectively protect itself while fulfilling its primary role of launching and recovering aircraft.
The ship's weaponry extended beyond its onboard guns to include the aircraft it carried. It could accommodate up to 28 aircraft, typically a mix of Grumman FM-2 Wildcats and General Motors TBM Avengers. These aircraft were essential for conducting anti-submarine warfare, ground attack missions, and providing air cover for convoys. The Wildcats were primarily used for fighter operations, while the Avengers served as torpedo bombers. The versatility and firepower of these aircraft significantly enhanced the combat capabilities of the USS Makin Island, making it a formidable asset in the U.S. Navy's arsenal during World War II.
Crew Accounts of Time Aboard
The USS Makin Island (CVE-93) holds a special place in the hearts of its former crew members, as evidenced by the heartfelt memories shared in its guestbook. These recollections paint a vivid picture of life aboard the escort carrier during World War II, highlighting the camaraderie, bravery, and ingenuity of its sailors.
James Gardner, who served as an Engineman 1st Class in 1942, recalls his father, Jim Leroy Gardner, receiving a commendation and a meritorious advancement for building a rig to steam-clean engine filters. This innovation not only improved the ship's operations but also earned recognition from the on-board Flag-Admiral, showcasing the resourcefulness of the crew.
Orlando Haines, a 3rd Class Machinist in 1944, fondly remembers manning the 40-40 during general quarters, a duty he cherished despite the dangers. His admiration for his commanding officer and his pride in his service are evident, reflecting the strong bonds formed among the crew.
Harry Hartley, a Petty Officer in 1943, served in aviation ordnance and is now 99 years old. His family is eager to connect with others who might share memories of his time on the USS Makin Island, indicating the lasting impact of his service on his loved ones.
Llewellyn Miller, a Radioman Second Class in 1944, participated in several significant battles, including Leyte Gulf, Iwo Jima, Okinawa, and Lingayen Gulf. Despite facing Japanese Kamikaze attacks, the ship emerged relatively unscathed, providing crucial air cover for many operations. Miller's service is remembered with pride by his family, even after his passing in 1982.
Charles Murphy, an Aviation Radioman Third Class in 1944, left behind a legacy that his family is only now beginning to uncover. His son discovered his discharge papers and is eager to learn more about his father's experiences at the age of 19, serving his country during a tumultuous time.
Albert Nixon, an E2 Seaman Apprentice in 1944, shared many stories about his time on the USS Makin Island with his family. His son, Robert W. Nixon, cherishes these tales, which highlight the friendships and adventures that defined his father's service.
Robert C. Seal, who served as a Seaman 1st Class in 1942, was immensely proud of his time on the USS Makin Island. His son, William Seal, is seeking to connect with anyone who remembers his father, who passed away in 1976 at the age of 53.
Robert Swenson, a Lieutenant and Naval Aviator in 1944, was a plankowner of the USS Makin Island and served until the end of the war. He flew FM-2s and manned the Combat Information Center (CIC). Swenson's passion for flying continued until he was 72, and his family treasures his cruise book and goggles as mementos of his service.
Edsel Varney, a Lieutenant Junior Grade and Wildcat pilot in 1945, participated in the Iwo Jima and Okinawa operations. His grandson is eager to hear from anyone who knew him or has stories to share about his time on the USS Makin Island. Varney's service is remembered with pride, even after his passing in 1977.
Josef Weiss, the youngest crew member at 16 in 1944, recalls how the great crew watched over him as he grew up quickly in the challenging environment of wartime service. His memories reflect the protective and supportive nature of the ship's crew.
These shared memories from the USS Makin Island's guestbook offer a glimpse into the lives of the brave men who served aboard the ship. Their stories of innovation, camaraderie, and resilience continue to inspire and connect their families and future generations.
USS Makin Island CVE-93: Upgrades, Mission Capabilities, and Contribution to the Fleet
The USS Makin Island (CVE-93) was a remarkable ship with a fascinating history. Commissioned in 1944 as a Casablanca-class escort carrier, it started with a modest air group and basic radar. But as naval warfare changed, so did the Makin Island. After World War II, it got better radar and communication systems, which helped with coordination and situational awareness. Its anti-aircraft armament was also improved to defend against more advanced aerial threats.
The Makin Island was versatile, adapting to the Navy's changing needs. During World War II, it served as an escort carrier, providing air support for amphibious operations and protecting convoys. Its aircraft were key in anti-submarine warfare, reconnaissance, and close air support. As the Cold War emerged, the ship's role shifted to include anti-submarine patrols and training exercises. The air wing was flexible, tailored to specific missions, making the ship a valuable asset in many situations.
The ship's contributions were significant. In World War II, it played a crucial role in operations like the Battle of Leyte Gulf and the invasion of Okinawa. Its aircraft provided essential air cover and support, helping ensure the success of these campaigns. After the war, the Makin Island continued as a training platform for naval aviators and a testbed for new technologies. Its adaptability and reliability kept it a vital part of the Navy's strategy well into the mid-20th century.
The USS Makin Island (CVE-93) showed how dynamic naval warfare can be and the importance of evolving technology and tactics. Through its upgrades, the ship stayed relevant and effective across different conflicts. Its diverse missions, from combat to training and reconnaissance, highlighted the critical role of escort carriers in naval strategy and defense.
USS Makin Island CVE-93: Deployments, Role in Major Conflicts, Awards, and Commendations
The USS Makin Island (CVE-93) was a remarkable ship with a fascinating history. Commissioned in 1944 as a Casablanca-class escort carrier, it started with a modest air group and basic radar systems. But as naval warfare evolved, so did the Makin Island. After World War II, it got some serious upgrades. Its radar and communication systems were enhanced, boosting coordination and situational awareness. Plus, its anti-aircraft armament was improved to tackle more sophisticated aerial threats.
The Makin Island was a versatile ship, adapting to the Navy's changing needs. During World War II, it served as an escort carrier, providing crucial air support for amphibious operations and convoy protection. Its aircraft were key players in anti-submarine warfare, reconnaissance, and close air support missions. As the Cold War rolled in, the ship's role shifted to include anti-submarine patrols and training exercises. The flexibility of its air wing made it a valuable asset in various operational contexts.
The ship's contributions to the fleet were significant. During World War II, it played a vital role in major operations like the Battle of Leyte Gulf and the invasion of Okinawa. Its aircraft provided essential air cover and support, helping secure success in these pivotal campaigns. After the war, the Makin Island continued to serve as a training platform for naval aviators and a testbed for new technologies. Its adaptability and reliability kept it a key part of the Navy's strategy well into the mid-20th century.
The USS Makin Island (CVE-93) was a testament to the dynamic nature of naval warfare and the importance of evolving technology and tactics. Through its upgrades, it stayed relevant and effective across different eras of conflict. Its diverse mission capabilities allowed it to support a wide range of operations, from direct combat to training and reconnaissance. The Makin Island's lasting contributions highlight the critical role of escort carriers in naval strategy and defense.
USS Makin Island CVE-93 Ship Specifications
| Specification | Details |
|---|---|
| Class | Casablanca Class Escort Aircraft Carrier |
| Commissioned | May 9, 1944 |
| Displacement | 10,902 tons |
| Length | 512 feet |
| Beam | 108.1 feet |
| Draft | 22.6 feet |
| Speed | 20 knots |
| Complement | 860 |