USS Menhaden SS-377
The USS Menhaden (SS-377) was a Balao-class submarine built during World War II, a time of rapid naval innovation. Her keel was laid on April 21, 1944, at the Manitowoc Shipbuilding Company in Wisconsin, a shipyard known for its efficiency and quality. She was launched on October 20, 1944, with Mrs. John S. Crenshaw as her sponsor. The Menhaden was officially commissioned on April 22, 1945, with Lieutenant Commander John S. McCain Jr. at the helm. McCain would later become a notable figure in the Navy and the father of U.S. Senator John McCain.
The submarine was named after the menhaden, a small fish found in the Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico. Menhaden are crucial to the marine ecosystem and are used in various industries. Naming the submarine after this fish reflects the Navy's tradition of naming subs after marine life, symbolizing the vessel's stealthy yet vital role in naval operations.
The USS Menhaden boasted robust construction and advanced technology for its time. As a Balao-class submarine, it had a stronger pressure hull made of high-tensile steel, allowing it to dive deeper than earlier subs. It was equipped with ten 21-inch torpedo tubes, a 5-inch deck gun, and various anti-aircraft weapons. Powered by four diesel engines driving electrical generators, the Menhaden could reach a top speed of 20.25 knots on the surface and 8.75 knots submerged, making it a formidable force underwater.
Though commissioned too late to see combat in World War II, the Menhaden played a significant role during the Cold War. It participated in training exercises, patrols, and intelligence missions, helping maintain the Navy's strategic edge. The Menhaden was decommissioned and recommissioned several times, adapting to the Navy's evolving needs. Its service spanned over three decades, showcasing its durability and effective design.
The Balao-class, to which the Menhaden belonged, was crucial to the U.S. Navy's efforts in World War II. Designed for long-range patrols and offensive operations, these submarines were key in the Pacific Theater, disrupting Japanese supply lines and sinking enemy vessels. The class improved upon the earlier Gato-class with enhanced diving depth and survivability, proving highly effective in weakening enemy maritime capabilities.
The commissioning of the USS Menhaden marked the start of its journey as a vital Navy asset. The ceremony on April 22, 1945, symbolized the vessel's readiness to serve. Lieutenant Commander McCain's leadership was crucial during the Menhaden's early service. Although the war was ending, the submarine's role in the post-war period and the Cold War highlighted the ongoing importance of submarines in naval strategy. The Menhaden's history reflects the broader story of technological and strategic evolution in the U.S. Navy.
USS Menhaden SS-377: Structure, Technology, Armament, and Weaponry
The USS Menhaden (SS-377) was a Balao-class submarine, a class known for its sturdy design and vital role during World War II. These submarines were an upgrade from the earlier Gato-class, featuring a stronger pressure hull made of high-tensile steel, allowing them to dive deeper, up to 400 feet. The Menhaden was 311 feet 9 inches long, with a beam of 27 feet 3 inches, and a draft of 15 feet 3 inches. This design struck a balance between size and maneuverability, making it an effective hunter in the vast Pacific Ocean. Inside, the submarine was divided into sections like torpedo rooms, engine rooms, and living quarters, all designed for efficiency and crew safety.
Technologically, the Menhaden was equipped with cutting-edge systems for its time. It had advanced sonar and radar systems, crucial for detecting enemy ships and submarines. The SJ radar helped detect surface ships at a distance, even in poor visibility, while the SD radar was used for air search. The submarine also had a sophisticated sonar suite, including the JT sonar, for underwater detection and targeting. These technologies gave the Menhaden a tactical edge, enabling it to conduct stealthy and effective patrols and attacks.
In terms of armament, the Menhaden was heavily armed to serve as a formidable underwater predator. It had ten 21-inch torpedo tubes, six in the bow and four in the stern, allowing it to launch a powerful salvo of torpedoes at enemy vessels. The submarine carried 24 torpedoes, its primary offensive weapon. Additionally, the Menhaden was armed with a 5-inch/25 caliber deck gun for surface engagements and shore bombardments. This deck gun allowed the submarine to engage smaller vessels and coastal targets without using its valuable torpedoes.
The Menhaden's weaponry also included smaller arms for defense and close-quarters combat. It was equipped with a 40mm Bofors anti-aircraft gun and a 20mm Oerlikon cannon, essential for defending against enemy aircraft and smaller surface threats. These anti-aircraft guns were manned by the crew during surface operations, providing protection against aerial attacks. The combination of torpedoes, deck guns, and anti-aircraft weaponry made the Menhaden a versatile and deadly adversary, capable of engaging a wide range of targets in different combat scenarios.
Crew Accounts of Time Aboard
The USS Menhaden (SS-377) holds a special place in the hearts of its former crew members, as evidenced by the memories shared in its guestbook. These recollections span various years and roles, painting a vivid picture of life aboard this submarine.
Robert Ahlberg, who served as an STS2 SS in 1969, is on a quest to reconnect with his shipmates from the Westpac deployment of that year. He specifically seeks information about the Republic of Korea (ROK) personnel who were on board during that time.
Louis Bacigalupi, a SN (SS) in 1968, reminisces about qualifying on the Menhaden before the submarine returned to San Diego from its Westpac tour. He recalls a memorable phrase he heard upon arrival: "12 months by November out in December," a nod to President Johnson's policies at the time.
David Eaton, a TM2(SS) in 1967, reflects on the camaraderie and the "fine days and times" aboard the Menhaden. He invites any former shipmates who remember him to reach out, expressing a hope that life has treated them well since their service.
Harry Hodges, who served as a FN (SS) in 1969, is searching for veterans who were aboard the Menhaden around November 1969 to 1970. He provides an email for contact, indicating a desire to reconnect or gather information from that period.
Steve Lankford, an EN-2 SS in 1970, shares a colorful and spirited memory, encapsulating the rugged and unfiltered life of a diesel boat sailor. Now an old gold miner, he sends a hearty greeting to his fellow "Shellbacks."
John Mansfield, who served as an RM2(SS) in 1963, recalls his transfer from NCS Guam and joining the Menhaden as an RM3. He fondly remembers his shipmates Bob Ward, Steve 'Ding Dong' Bell, and Thurman Lee Dobbs, and notes his promotion to RM2(SS) in 1965 after two WestPac cruises.
Bill Nelson, a MM3 SS and diver from 1968 to 1971, expresses excitement upon discovering the guestbook. His enthusiastic message, "GO OVER THE MENHADEN," reflects his enduring pride and connection to the submarine.
William Robinson, who served as a TM3(SS) in 1961, recounts his unique entry to the Menhaden from TR-2 without attending sub school, thanks to his qualification for diver school. He vividly remembers the submarine's first Northern Run and the Navy Expeditionary Medal they earned for that trip.
James Pope, who served from 1957 to 1959, shares a particularly distinguished memory. He was on the stern planes in March 1958 when the crew became "GOLDEN SHELLBACKS" during a ceremony known as "SORKLING." He also recalls personal and crew conversations with Fleet Admiral Nimitz aboard his flagship, both in port and at sea. Now retired as an STSCS(SS), he provides his contact information, indicating his continued connection to the Menhaden community.
These shared memories highlight the strong bonds formed aboard the USS Menhaden (SS-377) and the lasting impact of their service on the lives of its crew members.
USS Menhaden SS-377: Upgrades, Mission Capabilities, and Contribution to the Fleet
The USS Menhaden (SS-377) had quite a journey through its service life, adapting to the changing needs and technologies of the U.S. Navy. Commissioned in 1945, Menhaden was a Balao-class submarine, known for its sturdy build and long reach. In the 1950s, it got a major upgrade under the Fleet Snorkel program. This included a snorkel system that let its diesel engines run while submerged, making it harder to detect. The upgrade also boosted its sonar and radar systems, sharpening its ability to spot and track enemy ships. These changes kept Menhaden a strong player during the early Cold War years.
Menhaden's missions evolved alongside its tech upgrades. Originally built for anti-ship warfare in World War II, its role grew during the Cold War. With the snorkel and better sonar, Menhaden was primed for anti-submarine warfare, crucial for countering Soviet subs. It also took on intelligence-gathering missions, using its stealth and sensors to keep an eye on Soviet naval moves. This made Menhaden a flexible tool, ready for a variety of missions.
Menhaden's contributions to the fleet were significant. It took part in many training exercises, both solo and with larger groups. These were key for keeping the Navy's submarine force sharp. Menhaden also helped test new tactics and tech, providing insights that shaped future subs. Its work with allied navies in joint exercises boosted international cooperation and interoperability.
Beyond operations, Menhaden was a training ground for many submariners, some of whom rose to leadership roles in the Navy. The experience they gained on Menhaden was priceless, equipping them with the skills to run and command advanced subs. Menhaden's legacy is seen not just in its missions but in the generations of submariners it trained and mentored. This lasting impact highlights Menhaden's vital role in Navy history and its enduring contribution to the fleet.
USS Menhaden SS-377: Deployments, Role in Major Conflicts, Awards, and Commendations
USS Menhaden (SS-377) had quite the journey. Commissioned in 1945, she joined the Pacific Theater just as World War II was wrapping up. She missed the combat action but jumped right into post-war duties. Menhaden helped with the repatriation of American POWs and took part in the occupation of Japan. These early missions set the tone for a long career filled with Cold War operations and exercises.
During the Korean War, Menhaden was on the front lines of intelligence gathering. She patrolled the seas, keeping a close eye on Soviet and Chinese naval movements. Her stealth and sonar capabilities were top-notch, making her a key player in maintaining maritime superiority. The information she gathered was crucial for the U.S. Navy to stay ahead of potential threats and protect its allies in the Pacific.
After the Korean War, Menhaden didn't slow down. She was a vital part of the U.S. Navy's submarine fleet, taking part in training exercises, fleet maneuvers, and anti-submarine warfare operations. Her Cold War deployments were all about sharpening the crew's skills and testing new tech and tactics. Menhaden's ability to slip through hostile waters undetected and gather intel made her a significant asset against the Soviet threat. Her efforts didn't go unnoticed, earning her several commendations and awards.
Throughout her service, Menhaden racked up numerous awards, showcasing her stellar performance and the professionalism of her crew. She received the Navy Unit Commendation and multiple Battle Efficiency "E" awards, highlighting her operational excellence and combat readiness. Menhaden's legacy is a tribute to the skill and dedication of her crew and her role in the U.S. Navy's mission to maintain peace and security worldwide. Her history is a powerful reminder of the critical role submarines play in modern naval warfare and the ongoing need for vigilance and preparedness.
USS Menhaden SS-377 Ship Specifications
| Specification | Details |
|---|---|
| Class | Balao Class Submarine |
| Commissioned | June 22, 1945 |
| Displacement | 2,414 tons |
| Length | 311.9 feet |
| Beam | 27.3 feet |
| Draft | 15.3 feet |
| Speed | 20.25 knots |
| Complement | 66 |